Title:
Generative design of hybrid electric aviation propulsion systems using evolutionary algorithms
Generativer Entwurf hybridelektrischer Luftfahrtantriebe unter Verwendung evolutionärer Algorithmen
Authors:
T. Albrecht, K. Kochan
Abstract:
The electrification of propulsion systems in aviation offers significant potential for emissions reduction. Hydrogen-powered, hybrid-electric systems combine locally emission-free operation with high energy density, enabling longer ranges, smaller batteries, and shorter turnaround times compared to purely battery-electric systems. Such systems consist of highly interconnected components, whose arrangement and coordination critically influence overall performance. This article describes the architectural optimization of a multi-string configuration for a hydrogen-powered, hybrid-electric ultralight aircraft with air-cooled fuel cells. The total power is distributed across several fuel cells operating in parallel, enabling lighter air cooling instead of heavier liquid cooling. A focus is on selecting the number and output of the fuel cells as well as the power management between fuel cells and battery, as these decisions significantly determine the sizing of other components. The goal is therefore to establish a methodical foundation for these early decisions in the development process. The multi-string architecture is being researched within the framework of the joint project BeHyPSy (B4 Innovative Hydrogen Propulsion System), with the aim of integrating it into the ultralight aircraft Breezer UL B400-6. HAW Hamburg uses model-based systems engineering (MBSE) to model, simulate, and evaluate architectures as well as to develop new optimization methods. The optimization process is based on genetic algorithms in the MATLAB® Optimization Toolbox™ and takes into account coupled thermal-electric interactions. In addition to single-objective optimizations, such as minimizing mass or energy consumption, multi-objective optimizations are also carried out to identify Pareto-optimal solutions. The methodology offers a novel approach for the early concept phase of hydrogen-electric drives with air-cooled fuel cells.
Event:
Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2025, Augsburg
Location, Year:
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V., Bonn, 2025
Format:
21,0 x 29,7 cm, 10 Pages
Descriptors:
EN: Architecture optimization, evolutionary algorithms
Citation:
Albrecht, T.; Kochan, K. (2025): Generativer Entwurf hybridelektrischer Luftfahrtantriebe unter Verwendung evolutionärer Algorithmen. DGLR Published Conference Papers. Volume 4. (2026). ISSN: 2941-3451. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V.. (Text). https://doi.org/10.25967/650068. urn:nbn:de:101:1-2510241133417.312509179375.
Publishing Date:
24.10.2025